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The Environment
🌍 The Environment
Living & Non-Living Interactions · Carrying Capacity
🌿 What is an Environment?
An environment includes everything around us – both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things.
✅ In this unit you will learn:
- Describe interactions among living and non-living components
- Explain carrying capacity – how food, water, space, and nutrients affect population size
🌱 Living components (biotic): plants, animals, fungi, bacteria
💧 Non-living components (abiotic): water, sunlight, air, soil, temperature, rocks
🌱 Living vs Non-Living Components
📖 Example Ecosystem: A Pond
🐟 Living: fish, frogs, water lilies, algae, insects
💧 Non-Living: water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, mud
🌞 The sun (non-living) provides energy for water lilies to grow (living). Fish (living) breathe oxygen dissolved in water (non-living).
🔄 Interactions in an Ecosystem
Living things depend on non-living things for survival. Non-living things are affected by living things.
🌳 Examples of Interactions:
- 🌱 Plants need sunlight, water, and soil nutrients to grow (living + non-living)
- 🦒 Animals need water to drink and air to breathe (living + non-living)
- 🪱 Worms improve soil quality by breaking down dead leaves (living affects non-living)
- 🌲 Tree roots hold soil together, preventing erosion (living affects non-living)
📝 Which non-living thing do fish need to survive in water?
📝 How do tree roots affect the soil?
📊 Carrying Capacity
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of living things an environment can support based on available food, water, space, and nutrients.
If a population grows too large, resources become limited, and the population may decrease.
🌾 Example: A Field of Grass
The field can support 10 sheep. If 15 sheep live there, there may not be enough grass for all.
If food runs out, the population will go down until it matches the carrying capacity.
📝 What happens when a population exceeds the carrying capacity?
📋 Factors That Affect Carrying Capacity
The ability of an environment to provide food, water, space, and essential nutrients determines its carrying capacity.
📖 Example: A Pond Ecosystem
If a pond has plenty of food (algae, insects), clean water, enough space, and nutrients for plants, it can support many fish and frogs.
If pollution reduces food or water quality, the carrying capacity decreases.
🏆 Final Challenge: Environment Master
Test your knowledge of living and non-living components, interactions, and carrying capacity.
🌍 The Environment
Living & Non-Living Interactions · Carrying Capacity
🌿 What is an Environment?
An environment includes everything around us – both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things.
✅ In this unit you will learn:
- Describe interactions among living and non-living components
- Explain carrying capacity – how food, water, space, and nutrients affect population size
🌱 Living components (biotic): plants, animals, fungi, bacteria
💧 Non-living components (abiotic): water, sunlight, air, soil, temperature, rocks
🌱 Living vs Non-Living Components
📖 Example Ecosystem: A Pond
🐟 Living: fish, frogs, water lilies, algae, insects
💧 Non-Living: water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, mud
🌞 The sun (non-living) provides energy for water lilies to grow (living). Fish (living) breathe oxygen dissolved in water (non-living).
🔄 Interactions in an Ecosystem
Living things depend on non-living things for survival. Non-living things are affected by living things.
🌳 Examples of Interactions:
- 🌱 Plants need sunlight, water, and soil nutrients to grow (living + non-living)
- 🦒 Animals need water to drink and air to breathe (living + non-living)
- 🪱 Worms improve soil quality by breaking down dead leaves (living affects non-living)
- 🌲 Tree roots hold soil together, preventing erosion (living affects non-living)
📝 Which non-living thing do fish need to survive in water?
📝 How do tree roots affect the soil?
📊 Carrying Capacity
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of living things an environment can support based on available food, water, space, and nutrients.
If a population grows too large, resources become limited, and the population may decrease.
🌾 Example: A Field of Grass
The field can support 10 sheep. If 15 sheep live there, there may not be enough grass for all.
If food runs out, the population will go down until it matches the carrying capacity.
📝 What happens when a population exceeds the carrying capacity?
📋 Factors That Affect Carrying Capacity
The ability of an environment to provide food, water, space, and essential nutrients determines its carrying capacity.
📖 Example: A Pond Ecosystem
If a pond has plenty of food (algae, insects), clean water, enough space, and nutrients for plants, it can support many fish and frogs.
If pollution reduces food or water quality, the carrying capacity decreases.
🏆 Final Challenge: Environment Master
Test your knowledge of living and non-living components, interactions, and carrying capacity.
Counting from 1 to 10
In the previous lesson we learned to count from 1 to 5.
Now let us learn to count from 1 to 10.
Numbers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Example
Look at the stars.
⭐
⭐⭐
⭐⭐⭐
⭐⭐⭐⭐
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
We can keep counting:
6 stars
7 stars
8 stars
9 stars
10 stars
Practice
Count the circles:
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
How many circles are there?
Answer: 7
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